Canada Goose Facts Habitat, Diet, Predators, and More

The Canada goose is the largest species of true goose. Its scientific name, Branta canadensis, means black or burnt goose from Canada. While Canada goose is the birds official and preferred name, it is also known colloquially as the Canadian goose. Fast Facts: Canada Goose Scientific Name: Branta canadensisOther Names: Canadian goose (colloquial)Distinguishing Features: Large size, black head and neck, white chinstrap and cheeksAverage Size: Length: 75 to 110 cm (30 to 43 in); wingspan: 1.2 to 1.9 mDiet: Mostly herbivorousLife Span: 10 to 24 years in the wildHabitat: Native to arctic and temperate North America, but introduced elsewhereConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: AvesOrder: AnseriformesFamily: AnatidaeFun Fact: Canada geese fly in a V-formation, which improves aerodynamics so that they can migrate long distances. Description The Canada goose has a black head and neck and a white chinstrap that distinguish it from other geese (with two exceptions: the barnacle goose and cackling goose). The Canada gooses body plumage is brown. There are at least seven subspecies of Canada goose, but its difficult to distinguish between some of them because of interbreeding among the birds. The average Canada goose ranges from 75 to 110 cm (30 to 43 in) in length and has a wingspan of 1.27 to 1.85 m (50 to 73 in). Adult females are slightly smaller and lighter than males, but they are visually indistinguishable. An average male weighs from 2.6 to 6.5 kg (5.7 to 14.3 lb), while an average female weighs from 2.4 to 5.5 kg (5.3 to 12.1 lb). Distribution Originally, the Canada goose was native to North America, breeding in Canada and the northern United States and migrating further south in the winter. Some geese still follow the usual migration pattern, but large flocks have established permanent residences as far south as Florida. Canada geese naturally reached Europe, where they were also introduced in the 17th century. The birds were introduced to New Zealand in 1905, where they were protected until 2011. The dark yellow and green areas are summer breeding zones, while the blue area is the native winter area. Andreas Trepte Diet and Predators Canada geese are mostly herbivores. They eat grass, beans, corn, and aquatic plants. They sometimes also eat small insects, crustaceans, and fish. In urban areas, Canada geese will pick food from garbage bins or accept it from humans. Canada goose eggs and goslings are preyed upon by raccoons, foxes, coyotes, bears, ravens, crows, and gulls. Adult Canada geese are hunted by humans and sometimes preyed upon by coyotes, gray wolves, owls, eagles, and falcons. Because of their size and aggressive behavior, healthy geese are rarely attacked. Geese are also susceptible to a variety of parasites and diseases. They suffer high mortality if infected by the H5N1 avian bird flu. Reproduction and Life Cycle Canada geese seek mates when they are two years old. Geese are monogamous, although a goose may seek a new mate if the first one dies. Females lay between two and nine eggs in a depression, such as a beaver lodge or are above a stream, on an elevated surface. Both parents incubate the eggs, although the female spends more time on the nest than the male. Goslings are yellow and brown before they fledge into adult plumage. Joe Regan / Getty Images The goslings hatch 24 to 28 days after the eggs are laid. Goslings can walk, swim, and find food immediately upon hatching, but they are vulnerable to predators, so their parents fiercely protect them. During the nesting period, adult Canada geese molt and lose their flight feathers. The goslings learn to fly about the same time as the adult regain flight ability. Goslings fledge between 6 and 8 weeks of age. They remain with their parents until after the spring migration, at which time they return to their birthplace. The average lifespan of a wild goose ranges from 10 to 24 years, but one goose is known to have lived to the age of 31. Migration Most Canada geese undertake a seasonal migration. In summer, they breed in the northern part of their range. They fly south in autumn and return to their birthplace in spring. The birds fly in a characteristic V-shaped formation at an altitude of 1 km (3000 ft). The lead bird flies slightly lower than its neighbors, forming turbulence that improves the lift of the birds behind it. When the lead bird gets tired, it drops back to rest and another goose takes its place. Typically, geese migrate at night, which allows them to avoid nocturnal predators, take advantage of the calmer air, and cool themselves. Thyroid hormones are elevated during migration, speeding goose metabolism, altering muscle mass, and lowering the minimal temperature for muscle performance. Airplane Strikes In the United States, the Canada goose is the second-most damaging birds for airplane strikes (turkey vultures are the most damaging). Most crashes and fatalities occur when a goose strikes an aircraft engine. The Canada goose is more dangerous to aircraft than most birds because of its large size, tendency to fly in flocks, and ability to fly extremely high. The flight ceiling of the Canada goose is unknown, but they have been documented at heights up to 9 km (29000 ft). Several methods are used to reduce the likelihood of aircraft strikes. These include culling, herding, and relocating flocks near airports, making the habitat less attractive to the geese, and applying aversion tactics. Conservation Status By the early 20th century, overhunting and habitat loss lowered Canada goose numbers so significantly that the giant Canada goose subspecies was believed to be extinct. In 1962, a small flock of giant Canada geese was discovered. In 1964, the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center started operations in North Dakota to restore the goose population. Currently, the IUCN Red List categorizes the Canada goose as least concern. With the exception of the dusky Canada goose subspecies, population numbers continue to grow. Habitat change and severe weather are the primary threats to the species. However, the gooses ready adaptation to human habitats and the lack of predators more than offsets threats. The Canada goose is protected outside of hunting seasons by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States and the Migratory Birds Convention Act in Canada. Sources BirdLife International. (2016). Branta canadensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679935A131909406.  doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679935A85972211.enHanson, Harold C. (1997). The Giant Canada Goose (2nd ed.). Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-1924-4.Long, John L. (1981).  Introduced Birds of the World. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia. pp.  21–493.Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1988). Waterfowl: An Identification Guide to the Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-46727-6.Palmer, R. S. (1976).  Handbook of North American birds, Vol. 2: Waterfowl. Pt. 1. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT.

The Effects Of Corruption On Economic Growth - 1444 Words

In this essay, I will present an argument against theories that propose that corruption may be beneficial to economic growth by presenting theoretical and empirical evidence that suggest otherwise. I will also discuss policies that will prove effective in eliminating corruption in developing countries. The international handbook on the economics of corruption defines corruption as the use of public resources to fund the private purposes. It usually involves the abuse of official power. Economic growth can be defined as an increase in a country’s ability to produce output over a period of time (Investopedia, 2005). Although the consensus view in economic theory is that corruption has a negative impact on economic growth, there are instances where having a corrupt government has actually encouraged economic growth. These are instances where corruption is described as â€Å"economically expansionary† Osterfeld (1992). Leff (1964), a major proponent of this view has argued that some underdeveloped countries with a high level of bureaucracy and weak governance have been able to allocate resources more efficiently because of corrupt government officials. He argues that is because entrepreneurs and potential investors can sidestep the tremendous bureaucracy in these countries through the use of bribery, they are able to do business more efficiently. The Chinese economy in the 1980’s is evidence that supports this theory because corruption acted as a means toShow MoreRelatedCorruption And Its Effect On Economic Growth1487 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst theories that propose that corruptio n may be beneficial to economic growth by presenting theoretical and empirical evidence that suggest otherwise. I will also discuss policies that will prove effective in eliminating corruption in developing countries. 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After exploring previous investigations between democracy and the economy, and creating an empirical research design to evaluate the relationship between the growth or decline of democracy and the economic well being of the country; the final crucial step is to analyze whether a relationship between the two exists. It is my hypothesis that in evaluating the data, it will show that as democracy increases, so does the economic growth of a country. In this

A futuristic novel by George Orwell Essay Example For Students

A futuristic novel by George Orwell Essay 1984 is a futuristic novel by George Orwell about how life would be under Big Brother. Northern stage, a local acting group, performed it. He based the play on how he thought life would be like in 1984 and how it would be ruled. He thought everyone would be the same, act the same and have to be dressed the same emotions towards each other were forbidden. Northern stage went to Moscow produce parts of film this was played on the big screens to make the play more realistic and to give the viewer a better understanding of the play. Winston is a hero, he does not fit in and you can see the difference from the start. He tries to go against Big Brother. Big Brother watches their every move there is no privacy. Winston dreamt of better places. Dreaming is band He meets Julia his love and turns her against Big Brother too! They are found out and they are tortured until they learn to love big brother and will follow its ways. 2 + 2 = 5 = I love big brother. 2 + 2 = 4 = I hate big brother. This shows that they are not allowed their own opinion. The set of the play was simple but effective. There were two large white screens, which stayed on the whole time. This was very good it meant that they did not have to change the set very much in between scenes. They changed positions for different scenes. They were plain white so your attention wasnt on them they divided up the stage they also had to be white or a light colour to suit the neutral colouring of the characters clothes and so that the film could be projected on to them. The characters wore simple clothing; brown overalls and the women wore a red sash around their waists. These clothes showed that they were no one important and the brown was a dull colour to represent their dull lives and lack off identity. They made sharp simple movements to emphasise their strict life style. At some points in the play they remained still e. g. when the film was on in the background. This showed how they listened to the rules. The lighting was plain white lights, which they flashed when there was danger e. g. when Julia and Winston got caught. These simple lights showed the simple life style. Big Brother was not shown. It was a thing known by the characters. The big screens sometimes showed what Big Brother was watching. This was a good way of saying that Big Brother is watching you. We were left in to guess who was who. Everyone moved in an order apart from Winston, the rebel. He moved how he liked and spoke how he liked which showed that he didnt care about the rules. All the characters sounded like robots, whereas Winston spoke with a carefree attitude to show that he didnt want to live by the rules. At various points in the play he showed his emotion in the way he spoke. The music and sound effects used set the scene in a way. There were sudden bangs when and whenever Big Brother came on it had the same music. There was also the same music when any people with authority came on the scene. E. g. OBrien. This showed their status. The torture scene was very gruesome cries and murmurs were heard while images of Winston being beaten appeared. Winston hated rats and so when he was being tortured at the end they played sounds of rats squeaking were added. They had different levels by using the screens to stand on the back of. The shop owner (Mr Carrington) stood up there, which showed status over Winston. Also at the end when they were torturing Winston, he was lying in a box and the man was standing over him. This showed how the man had won.

When You Listen To A Piece Of Music You Usually Dont Think Of Math, B Essay Example For Students

When You Listen To A Piece Of Music You Usually Dont Think Of Math, B Essay When you listen to a piece of music you usually dont think of math, but the two are interlinked and music always involves math even though we dont always realize it. When musicians play music they are using mathematical formulas to play. There are formulas for making cords, scales and a formula for the what notes they play. Musical notation also involves math, you use time signatures while playing along to a piece of music which are basically just fractions, 3/4,7/4, and 4/4 are all time signatures. the bottom number in the fraction gives you the type of note to be played and the top gives you the amount of times it is played. There are five basic types of notes to be played in music, the sixteenth note, the eighth note, the quarter note, the half note, and the whole note. For each of these notes you divide the previous note by two. The sixteenth note is divided into two which gives us eight, the eight into four, and so on (see chart). The easiest note to start with is the whole note there is one beat per measure of a song, for the half there is two beats per measure, and so on until there is sixteen beats per measure. We will write a custom essay on When You Listen To A Piece Of Music You Usually Dont Think Of Math, B specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (www.tabcrawler.com)Guitar chords are also made using a formula, first you get the scale of the type of cord you are trying to form, for example lets say c-major the formula for making a major cord would be tone, tone, semi-tone, which would mean the first note in the scale, the fourth, and the seventh. This is how most musicians make a cord. The first note in the scale is always a full tone as is the last this is because this is two octaves apart and they are the root notes. (guitar player, June 1996)There are twelve tones in an octave ex. C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B. A full octave would have another C at the end but it is the same pitch as the first C except an octave higher so it is usually left out. Ancient Greeks came up with this method, they said in an octave each note was an integer multiple of the first. There is not a perfect octave however it is always a couple of numbers off the original frequency. log3/log2= continued fraction, is the best fraction to get closest to the perfect octave. if we take the notes frequencies, and build fifths we get pretty accurate to a perfect octave. Twelve is by far the easiest number to get closest to a perfect octave which is why there are twelve tones in an octave. A whole tone is usually from one whole note to the other or one # note to the other except on tow occasions: b-c and e-f there is no # note in between those notes so from b-c and e-f is a whole tone but anywhere else it is three notes ex . a-a#-b (www.classic-guitar.com)Math is also very important while making a guitar. A normal guitar usually contains 21 frets, the spaces in between the frets is usually found by getting the total length of the neck, and then using the rule of 18 which is 17.835. You divide the length of the neck by this number and this gives you the length of the first fret. Then you subtract the length of the first fret from the total neck length and then divide the length by 17.835. You do this until you have the full neck frettedBibliographyBibliography: www.tabcrawler.com, good place for guitar theorywww.classic-guitar.com, good place for time signatureBook: Drum Basics, good source for musical notation]Guitar Theory, good book for musical theory

westward migration of settlers essays

westward migration of settlers essays Open land, additional benefits and other existing problems encouraged Americans to expand westward. The American people began to realize that the future of the country lay in the development of its own western resources (Nash 533; 1). There were many reasons that made the people face the grueling and dangerous movement west, but the Regardless of the fact that thousands of Indian nations with rich and distinct cultures had populated the land for thousands of years, Americans considered the west to be an empty wilderness. And in less than fifty years, from the 1803 purchase of Louisiana Territory to the California gold rush of 1849, the nation would expand and conquer the West. The great migration began in 1841 and was stimulated by the depression of 1837 with people with some capital hoping to make a fresh start (Nash 534; 2). By 1845, there were 6,000 Americans in Oregon, and the United States government tried to make the 49th parallel as the boundary without success. The fur trade had since declined in this area so the British agreed to the 49th parallel as the boundary in a treaty in 1846 and thus, American sovereignty was established over the area covered by Washington, Oregon and Idaho. The new acquisitions meant that problems like transportation had to be tackled. A canal across Panama was planned but this didnt materialize for many years. The building of a transcontinental railroad with the financial assistance of the government was debated upon. Also the question of slavery in the newly acquired territories was a more troubling issue and this decided the fate of the United States for the next few years. It was because of the sudden shift of labor from farms to towns that started the westward movement up north. The herding of cattle and sheep took place of agriculture (Nash 538; ...

Bioterrorism Emergency Preparedness for Hospitals Research Paper

Bioterrorism Emergency Preparedness for Hospitals - Research Paper Example The choice of this mode of terrorism can be advocated the fact that the agents are not easily detected and in most cases, the symptoms are not seen until after several hours or days. Given the nature of bioterrorism and its effect to the public, there is a need for hospitals to come up with a measure that would make sure that they are ready for them at any time. In the United States of America, the agents that are perceived to pose potential to the health and safety of the general population are referred to as select agents. For the hospitals to promptly respond to bioterrorism whenever there take place there need to be proper planning on the things that should be done to either avoid the occurrence or respond to the occurrences. Most biological defense strategies were meant to protect people in the army and not the general population. However, it has been observed in the recent past that there is a need for there to be measures taken by hospitals to make sure that they are always pr epared for disasters that might arise from bioterrorism that might affect the general population in large masses. They need to be prepared for the occurrence of bioterrorism is enhanced by the ease of obtaining a bioterrorism agent. At the moment there is a need for there to be a detection system that will enable the healthcare sector to be able to detect such occurrences before they are spread to large masses. However, since the development of such a system cannot be said to have been successful, it is important for hospitals and the healthcare sector, in general, to make sure that they have in place some preparation for the occurrence of such calamities. One thing that hospitals should make sure that they do is training their personnel on how to handle the affected masses during the bioterrorism attacks.  

Engineering Principles, Electrical Networks Assignment

Engineering Principles, Electrical Networks - Assignment Example Question 1 1.1 Calculate line and phase currents? Given: 3 x 80â„ ¦ resistors star connected 415 v three phase supply 50 Hz frequency IL= V/R IL = 415 / 80 IL = 5.18 A In a star connected load IL = Iph Iph = 5.18 A 1.2 Total power dissipated by load? P = √3 x VL x IL x Cos ∂ Taking Power Factor (Cos ∂) as 0.85, P will be: P = √3 x 415 x 5.18 x 0.85 P = 3164.88 Watt 1.3 The power dissipated if, due to fault, one phase of the load went open Circuit? P = 2 x VL/√3 x IL cos ∂ P = 2 x 414/√3 x 5.18 x 0.85 P = 2109.92 Watt Question 2 Given: Delta connected load Power Factor 0.8 lagging P = 4080 Watt 425 V supply 50 Hz frequency 2.1 Calculate resistance and reactance of each phase? In Delta Connected load Vph = VL This P = √3 x VL x IL x Cos ∂ 4080 = √3 x425 x IL x 0.8 Iph = 4080/(√3 x425 x IL x 0.8) Iph = 6.93 A R = V*2 / P â„ ¦ R = 415*2/4080 R = 44.27 â„ ¦ Apparent Power S = P/pf S = 4080 / 0.8 S = 5100 Watt Reactive Power Q = √(S*2 – P*2) Q = √(5100*2 – 4080*2) Q = 3060 Watt Inductance XL = V*2/Q XL = 425*2/3060 XL = 59.02 â„ ¦ 2.1 Calculate Line current if same load was connected to star? Delta IL = P/V Delta IL = 4080/425 Delta IL = 9.6 A In Star IL = Iph Star IL = 9.6A Question 3 Given: Balanced 10 kW three phase load 415 V three wire supply 18 A line current 3.1 determine Load Power Factor Power Factor = True Power/Apparent Power = P/Q This: P = V x I Watts P = 415 x 18 P = 7470 Watts S (apparent Power) = 10000 Watt PF = 7470 / 10000 PF = 0.75 Question 4 Given: Star connected induction motor Supply 415 V Frequency 50 Hz